Images

fig. 1 FTO fig. 2 FTO fig. 3 KCTD15 fig. 4 KCTD15 fig. 5 TMEM18 fig. 6 TMEM18 fig. 7 MC4R fig. 8 MC4R fig. 9 GNPDA2 fig. 10 GNPDA2 fig. 11 SH2B1 fig. 12 SH2B1 fig. 13 MTCH2 fig. 14 MTCH2 fig. 15 NEGR1 fig. 16 NEGR1

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              For some time it was believed that the responsibility for body mass index (BMI) in humans take on only two loci (is the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome), a FTO (fat mass and obesity associated (protein coding) fig. 1, fig. 2) and MC4R (function: receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH; this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate, cyclase). This fact has been generally accepted, till in the journal Nature Genetics (January 2009, Volume 41) has not been published studies in the article "Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation" which make a considerable adjustment in understanding the influence of central nervous system (CNS) on BMI. Scientists have identified the following loci:

• KCTD15 (fig. 3, fig. 4) - protein coding;
• TMEM18 (fig. 5, fig. 6) - transmembrane protein 18. protein coding;
• MC4R (fig. 7, fig. 8)  –  function: receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH; this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate, cyclase;
• GNPDA2 (fig. 9, fig. 10) - protein coding;
• SH2B1 (fig. 11, fig. 12) – function: this gene encodes a member of the SH2-domain containing mediators family; the encoded protein mediates activation of various kinases and may function in cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling and cellular transformation. protein coding;
• MTCH2 (fig. 13, fig. 14) – function: the substrate transported is not yet known; induces mitochondrial depolarization. protein coding;
• NEGR1 (fig. 15, fig. 16) – function: may be involved in cell-adhesion; may function as a trans-neural growth-promoting factor in regenerative axon sprouting in the mammalian brain (by similarity); protein coding.

            Such studies point to the enormous dependence of the BMI from CNS. The role of the central nervous system is the predisposition to obesity which is embedded in these loci. It is well known that food is a way to struggle with negative emotions, because of taste and other sensations. Is believed that these findings will help scientists to try to block protein coding at the DNA level, which will lead to a significant decrease on the level of CNS index of individual susceptibility to different, negative external stimuli, leading to an apparent decrease in the need to put out negative emotions through food.