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           Since the opening of the first gene STK39 [fig 1, fig. 2](function: may act as a mediator of stress-activated signals. This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress) in the field of genetics, which is responsible for activating the pressure rise was not much time, and the scientific community had almost come to an understanding of the essence of this complex process. From the very beginning of genetic research in this direction was assumed that the STK39 gene is just the tip of the iceberg and that there are still many studies before we can draw at least some concept of genetic regulation of blood pressure. One of the last three modern research in this field, shed light on this perspective was provided by article ”Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure” Nature Genetics (June 2009, Volume 41) which contains the test results for 2,5 million genotyped for the relationship of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by genotype (European, Asian, Indian). This analysis revealed 8 new loci:
CYP17A1[fig 3, fig. 4] - function: This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It has both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities and is a key enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Mutations in this gene are associated with isolated steroid-17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, pseudohermaphroditism, and adrenal hyperplasia;
CYP1A2[fig 5, fig. 6] - function: This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and acetaminophen. The transcript from this gene contains four Alu sequences flanked by direct repeats in the 3'
FGF5[fig 7, fig. 8] - function: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified as an oncogene, which confers transforming potential when transfected into mammalian cells. Targeted disruption of the homolog of this gene in mouse resulted in the phenotype of abnormally long hair, which suggested a function as an inhibitor of hair elongation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified;
SH2B3[fig 9, fig. 10] - function: T-cell activation requires stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 (CD3Z) complex, followed by recruitment of an array of intracellular signaling proteins (e.g., GRB2 (MIM 108355) and PLCG1 (MIM 172420)). Mediating the interaction between the extracellular receptors and intracellular signaling pathways are adaptor proteins such as LAT (MIM 602354), TRIM (MIM 604962), and LNK;
MTHFR[fig 11, fig. 12] - function: Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine;
c10orf107[fig 13, fig. 14] - protein coding;
ZNF652[fig 15, fig. 16] - protein coding;
PLCD3[fig 17, fig. 18] - function: This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Diacylglycerol and IP3 mediate a variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by inducing protein kinase C and increasing cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. This enzyme localizes to the plasma membrane and requires calcium for activation. Its activity is inhibited by spermine, sphingosine, and several phospholipids.
Analysis of loci and their interactions in this study reveals only a mechanistic understanding of the regulation of blood pressure, which indicates that new methods of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
In the second study, presented article ”Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension” in the same journal contains the results of studies of the genome for association of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and hypertension in the CHARGE Consortium. The data revealed the following loci:
ATP2B1[fig 19, fig. 20] - function: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified;
CYP17A1(see up);
PLEKHA7 [fig 21, fig. 22] - protein coding;
SH2B3(see up);
CACNB2[fig 23, fig. 24] - functionally, the gene has been tested for association to diseases (Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation), proposed to participate in pathway (MAPK signaling pathway) and processes (neuromuscular junction development, calcium ion transport, synaptic transmission, visual perception). Proteins are expected to have molecular functions (voltage-gated calcium channel activity, calcium ion binding, protein binding) and to localize in various compartments (integral to plasma membrane, voltage-gated calcium channel complex, mitochondrion, nucleus);
CSK-ULK3 [fig 25, fig.26, fig.27] – (region) CSK function: Specifically phosphorylates 'Tyr-504' on LCK, which acts as a negative regulatory site. Can also act on the LYN and FYN kinases. - … -  ULK3 function: Functionally, the gene has been proposed to participate in pathways (mTOR signaling pathway, Regulation of autophagy) and a process (protein amino acid phosphorylation). Proteins are expected to have molecular functions (ATP binding, nucleotide binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, transferase activity and 2 others) and localize in various compartments (cytoplasm, mitochondrion);
TBX3-TBX5[fig 28, fig. 29, fig.30] - (region) TBX3 function:  This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This protein is a transcriptional repressor and is thought to play a role in the anterior/posterior axis of the tetrapod forelimb. Mutations in this gene cause ulnar-mammary syndrome, affecting limb, apocrine gland, tooth, hair, and genital development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms; however, the full length nature of one variant has not been determined.  - … -  TBX5 function: Involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes required for mesoderm differentiation. Probably plays a role in limb pattern formation;
ULK4[fig 31, fig. 32] - functionally, the gene has been proposed to participate in a process (protein amino acid phosphorylation). Proteins are expected to have molecular functions (ATP binding, nucleotide binding, protein kinase activity, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, transferase activity and 1 other) and to localize in nucleus.
In this study, the researchers again show a confirmation of the concept of the mechanistic regulation of blood pressure. So, again, emphasizes that the identification of genes associated with the achievement of certain indicators of blood pressure in our understanding of the regulation of blood pressure, a clearer form potential targets to combat these problems and give new directions for the pharmacological industry to prevent and treat hypertension.
The third study presented by the article "Genetic basis of hypertension for the development of tailored medicine" in the journal Hypertension Research (Volume 32, Issue 8, August 2009) takes into account all recent advances in genetics and as such provides an overview and introduction of the data obtained in specialized medicine.